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A colonoscopy is an important procedure used to investigate and diagnose various gastrointestinal symptoms. Doctors often recommend it when there are unexplained changes in bowel habits or signs that may need closer examination.
You may be referred for a colonoscopy if you’re experiencing:
Persistent constipation or diarrhoea
Frequent changes in bowel habits
Ongoing abdominal pain
Rectal bleeding
Unexplained weight loss
During the procedure, doctors can take small tissue samples (biopsies) from the colon lining to look for inflammation, infection, or abnormal cell changes, including early signs of cancer. The procedure also allows for the identification and removal of polyps—small growths that, if left untreated, may develop into colorectal cancer.
Overall, a colonoscopy serves as both a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. It provides a clear view of the bowel while enabling doctors to take immediate action if anything unusual is found.
A colonoscopy is a routine and generally safe procedure, and serious complications are uncommon. However, as with any medical test, there are some risks you should be aware of:
After your colonoscopy, if you experience severe abdominal pain or persistent bleeding, you should seek medical help immediately by contacting your GP, the hospital, or attending your local A&E department.
Bloating or excess gas
Mild cramping or wind-like pains
Temporary drowsiness from sedation
A small amount of bleeding (rare, usually only if polyps were removed)
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